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Sir William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, King of Mann KG (1350–1399) was a close supporter of King Richard II of England. He was a second son of Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton. ==Life== He was a soldier-adventurer in Lithuania,〔Christopher Tyerman, ''England and the Crusades, 1095-1588'' (1996), p. 270.〕 Italy and France, where he served with John of Gaunt. Gaunt made him seneschal of Aquitaine in 1383.〔(Scrope )〕 He was made vice-chamberlain of the household of King Richard II in 1393 and granted the castle and manor of Marlborough in Wiltshire.〔(The Scropes and the Isle of Man )〕 In the same year his father purchased for him the Isle of Man from the earl of Salisbury, giving him the nominal title ''Dominus de Man'' or King of Mann.〔(Bolton Castle )〕 In 1394 he became a Knight of the Garter. He was made Earl of Wiltshire in 1397 and became Lord High Treasurer in 1398.〔E. B. Fryde, ''Handbook of British Chronology'' (1996), p. 106.〕 He became effective head of the government in Richard's absence.〔John Smith Roskell, ''Parliament and Politics in Late Medieval England'' II (1981), p. 61.〕 He benefitted from the confiscated estates of Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, who was kept for a time under his hand in the Isle of Man, and of John of Gaunt; he also accumulated control of a number of strategic castles.〔Anthony Emery, ''Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500'' (1996), p. 497.〕 He was left 2,000 marks in King Richard's will in April 1399. He had been closely involved in Richard's second marriage to the 6-year-old Isabella of Valois in 1396 〔Michael Bennett, ''Richard II and the Revolution of 1399'' (1999), p. 79.〕 and was made Isabella's guardian at Wallingford Castle,〔( Wallingford Characters )〕 of which he was castellan,〔( Wallingford Characters )〕 when the King went to Ireland in 1399. Together with Sir John Bussy, Sir William Bagot and Sir Henry Green he had been made responsible for assisting the Duke of York in the defence of the realm during Richard's absence, when the exiled Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford seized his chance to invade. Scrope was captured with Bussy and Green when Bristol Castle surrendered to Henry on July 28, 1399. He was executed without trial in Bristol Castle, together with Bussy and Green, and his head carried to London in a white basket to be displayed on London Bridge. After Hereford's ascendance to the throne as Henry IV, Parliament confirmed the sentence and determined that all his estates and title were to be forfeit to the crown.〔(Baron Scrope of Bolton )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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